7
Majid Alihouri
Abstract
The amount of agricultural water consumption and water waste can be reduced by properly adjusting the irrigation schedule of plants based on the precise determination of the water requirement of each plant. This research was carried out to determine water requirement and crop coefficient of Barhee date ...
Read More
The amount of agricultural water consumption and water waste can be reduced by properly adjusting the irrigation schedule of plants based on the precise determination of the water requirement of each plant. This research was carried out to determine water requirement and crop coefficient of Barhee date palm. Three drainage lysimeters were applied to measure date palm evapotranspiration. The amounts of date palm evapotranspiration and reference evapotranspiration were calculated using soil water balance equation and Penman-Monteith method, respectively. The results showed that water requirement of 6, 7, and 8 years old date palm were 1493, 1613 and 1695 mm, respectively, while the amounts of reference evapotranspiration were 2070, 1950, and 1945 mm, respectively. The amount of date palm water requirement increased by 8%, for 6 to 7 years-old and 7.8% for 7 to 8 years. The crop coefficient of 6 years old date palm varied in the range of 0.54-0.80. The minimum crop coefficient was in November, while the maximum was in June and July. For the 7 and 8 years old date palm, crop coefficient varied in the range of 0.62-0.97 and 0.47-1.01, respectively. In 7 and 8 years old date palm, the minimum crop coefficient was in November and the maximum was in August.
Majid Alihouri
Abstract
Mixing saline and non-saline water is one of the management methods for using saline water resources. This research was carried out to study the effects of conjunctive use of saline and non-saline water on vegetative growth of Barhee date offshoot. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete ...
Read More
Mixing saline and non-saline water is one of the management methods for using saline water resources. This research was carried out to study the effects of conjunctive use of saline and non-saline water on vegetative growth of Barhee date offshoot. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with six treatments and three replications. The treatments included: T1= irrigation with the Karun River water (2.3 dS/m), T2= irrigation with Karun River water and saline water of 5 dS/m (volume ratio 2:1), T3= irrigation with Karun River water and saline water of 8 dS/m (volume ratio 2:1), T4= irrigation with Karun River water and saline water of 5 dS/m (volume ratio 1:2), T5= irrigation with Karun River water and saline water of 8 dS/m (volume ratio 1:2), and T6= irrigation with saline water of 5 dS/m. The offshoots water requirement was calculated based on FAO pan evaporation method. The results showed that irrigation treatments had significant effect (p < 1%) on plant vegetative traits. There was no significant difference (p < 1%) between T1 and T2 in leaf length, number of leaflets, and shoot wet and dry weights of date offshoot. The number of leaves and leaflets of the plant decreased by 64.9% and 58.2%, respectively, in treatment of irrigation with saline water of 5 dS/m compared to T1. While reduction amounts of these vegetative traits in T2 were zero and 8.2%, respectively. Also, shoot wet and dry weights of date offshoot in T6 was decreased by 64.7% and 67.5%, respectively; but, in T2, these vegetative traits decreased only by 7.7% and 8.6%, respectively.
Majid Alihouri
Abstract
It is necessary to determinate of crop water requirement for optimum use of agricultural water resources. This research was carried out for determining water requirement and crop coefficient of Barhee date palm in the first to third year of vegetative growth. A drainage lysimeter was used to measure ...
Read More
It is necessary to determinate of crop water requirement for optimum use of agricultural water resources. This research was carried out for determining water requirement and crop coefficient of Barhee date palm in the first to third year of vegetative growth. A drainage lysimeter was used to measure reference evapotranspiration (ETr) and three drainage lysimeters were used to measure evapotranspiration of date palm (ETc). The amounts of reference evapotranspiration and ETc were calculated using soil water balance. The results showed that ETr values in the first to third year were 2105, 1827, and 2021.8 mm, respectively, while seasonal ETc in vegetative growth were 274.3, 402.7, and 597.2 mm, respectively. ETc increased 46.8% and 48.3%, yearly. The crop coefficient of Barhee date palm was 0.08-0.18 in the first year. In this year, the minimum crop coefficient was recorded in May, while the maximum crop coefficient was in October and January. But, the date palm crop coefficient was 0.10-0.30 in the second year and 0.19-0.43 in the third year of vegetative growth. In second and third years of vegetative growth, the minimun crop coefficient was recorded in March. In the second year, the maximum crop coefficient was observed in August and January, while the maximum crop coefficient in the third year was obtained in November. The increasing plant age and vegetative growth could be the main reasons for the difference in the amounts of water requirement and crop coefficient of date palm in the first to third year.
Majid Alihouri; A T; H D
Abstract
Growing salinity tolerant plants is a suitable way for usage of saline water resources. This research was carried out for identification of salinity tolerant ber rootstocks. The experiment was conducted using factorial arrangement based on randomized complete design in three replications. The ...
Read More
Growing salinity tolerant plants is a suitable way for usage of saline water resources. This research was carried out for identification of salinity tolerant ber rootstocks. The experiment was conducted using factorial arrangement based on randomized complete design in three replications. The treatments were four irrigation water salinities of 0.3, 3, 6, and 9 dS/m and three ber (Ziziphus spp.) species including Ziziphus mauritiana, Ziziphus nummularia, and Ziziphus spina-christi. The results showed that water salinity treatments had significant effect (P< 5%) on plant height, leaf number, leaf chlorophyll, stem diameter and leaf N, Na+ and Ca2+concentrations. There was significant (P< 5%) difference between ber species on plant vegetative attributes and leaf N and Na contents. Futhermore, interaction of water salinity and ber species had significant effect (P< 5%) on plant vegetative characters and leaf N, Na and Ca content. With increasing irrigation water salinity to 9 dS/m, the leaf number and stem diameter had significant decrease, while leaf Na+ concentration increased significantly. When irrigation water salinity increased from 3 dS/m to 6 and 9 dS/m, the plant leaf number decreased by 3.8-8.4% and 25.1-41.3 percent, respectively, while stem diameter was reduced by 1.7-28.1% and 30.0-77.9 percent, respectively. Leaf Na+ concentration increased by 1.67-2.73 and 1.64-3.36 times with increasing irrigation water salinity from 3 dS/m to 6 and 9 dS/m, respectively. Therefore, saline water resources could be used in irrigation of ber seedlings.
Abdolhamid Mohebi; Majid Alihouri
Abstract
In recent years, larg parts of agricultural lands in the country have been at the risk of degradation because of quantative and qualitative limitations of water resources and soil salinization. Therefore, to increase plant yield per unit of consumed water, proper planning and selection of adaptable irrigation ...
Read More
In recent years, larg parts of agricultural lands in the country have been at the risk of degradation because of quantative and qualitative limitations of water resources and soil salinization. Therefore, to increase plant yield per unit of consumed water, proper planning and selection of adaptable irrigation method for optimum use of the limited water resources is necessary. This study was carried out in randomized complete blocks design with four treatments and three replications at Haji Abad Agricultural Research Station during four years. The treatments of irrigation included surface (basin) and drip irrigation with irrigation depth equal to 75% and 100% net irrigation requirement based on cumulative evaporation from class A pan. The results showed that effects of irrigation treatments on fruit yield, leaf number, leaflet number, trunk perimeter, and plant canopy area were not significant, probably because the applied water based on pan evaporation was more than the actual plant water requirement. But, there was significant difference between water productivity, at 1% probability level. The maximum and minimum water productivity values were obtained in drip irrigation with irrigation depth equal to 75% and in the basin irrigation with a depth equal to 100% of the cumulative evaporation from the class A pan, respectively. The drip irrigation treatment with irrigation depth of 75% of cumulative evaporation from the class A pan is recommendable for date palm plantations.
Abdolamir Rahnama; Abdolhamid Mohebi; Majid Alihoori
Abstract
Due to intact and vigorous root system, tissue culture-derived date palm could establish well in the soil which, in turn, results in satisfactory vegetative growth. Low percentage fruit set and, consequently, poor yield is, however, one of the drawbacks of such plants in the early years of fruiting ...
Read More
Due to intact and vigorous root system, tissue culture-derived date palm could establish well in the soil which, in turn, results in satisfactory vegetative growth. Low percentage fruit set and, consequently, poor yield is, however, one of the drawbacks of such plants in the early years of fruiting phase. This study aimed at increasing fruit set and yield of date palm cv. Barhi through impproving irrigation and application of fertilizers during 3 successive seasons from 2008-2010 in Ahvaz, Iran. The experiment was set up as a split-plot arranged in a randomized complete block design with irrigation intervals as the main plots and fertilizer treatments as the sub-plots, with 3 replications. Three irrigation intervals included 7, 14, and 21 days and regimes of fertilization included the control (based on soil test), 30% below the control level, and 30% above the control rate. Results showed that irrigation had significant effects on cholorophyl content and all vegetative parameters, expect leaf. No significant differences in fruiting characteristics were observed between irrigation intervals. Shorter irrigation intervals increased trunk length and diameter, chlorophyll content, number of leaf and leaflets and leaf width. Fertilizer had significant effects on chlorophyll content, leaf width, fruit set and yield. Increased rates of fertlization raised chlorophyll content and increased leaf width but decreased fruit set and yield. Interaction of fertlizer and irrigation had significant effects on all vegetative and reproductive parameters. The highest yield was obtained under 7 days irrigation interval combined with fertilization at 30% below the control (47.4 kg/tree), showing that irrigation is more influential on date yield than fertilizer application